Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal condition characterised by diminished bone density and structural deterioration and is a significant global health concern. The condition predisposes individuals to an increased risk of sustaining fragility fractures, which are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and present a significant healthcare burden. Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic until fractures occur, therefore preventive measures and early intervention are crucial to mitigate its debilitating consequences. This article describes fragility fractures and some of the causes of osteoporosis and details approaches to the identification and management of the condition, including lifestyle modifications, calcium and vitamin D supplementation and pharmacological therapies.