Health inequalities between groups of people are often unjust and avoidable and are influenced by social determinants of health, the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Gypsy and Traveller communities experience significant health inequalities, including barriers to accessing healthcare services and suboptimal health outcomes compared with the general population. This article provides an overview of health inequalities in relation to Gypsy and Traveller communities and examines three social determinants of health – discrimination and racism, accommodation and access to healthcare – that influence these inequalities. The authors propose that accurate data collection as well as delivery of culturally competent health services and care may facilitate access to healthcare for Gypsy and Traveller communities and potentially reduce health inequalities.