Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has become a significant global health concern following outbreaks beyond its endemic regions in central and west Africa. In 2022, the World Health Organization declared a ‘public health emergency of international concern’ (PHEIC) due to a rise in mpox cases, predominantly affecting gay and bisexual men. Although the initial surge of cases had diminished by early 2023, a new PHEIC was declared in 2024 due to a more severe strain of the virus circulating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, have a critical role in diagnosing, managing and controlling the spread of mpox. This article sets out the factors nurses should consider when caring for patients who present with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of mpox.