The developmental outcomes of survivors of neonatal intensive care are, in part, a measurement of the quality of care provision. The relationship between neonatal nursing practice and long-term outcomes of survivors remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the focus of care currently influencing qualified neonatal nurses’ practice, to ascertain if nursing care is provided in response to the developmental needs and consequent future quality of life of high risk babies. Following a detailed literature review, a case study combining semi-structured interviews with documentary evidence was undertaken within a regional neonatal intensive care unit. The primary focus for the study was the perspective of qualified neonatal nurses working in the field. This first part of a two-part report, presents the background, aims, literature review and design of the study. The findings, discussion and conclusion will be presented in the June issue.