Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem, so it is important that nurses in all care settings know how to manage patients with this condition effectively. This article defines UTI, identifying patients who are most at risk and the underlying reasons why. Accurate diagnosis is important in the provision of treatment and the prevention of further complications, some of which can have serious consequences for patients. Inappropriate investigations are expensive, and may result in patients being over-treated. UTI is multifaceted, which makes its management difficult. However, a good understanding of prevention, assessment and management can help nurses to ensure the right treatment is offered.