Nursing finds itself in evolving health and social care systems that will radically change the delivery of care and require new knowledge and ways of knowing. Integrated health and social care teams are becoming the norm. The traditional models of nurse knowledge and learning, based on medical models and the natural sciences, will not serve the needs of patients or nurses in this modernised framework of integrated care. This article examines the way in which nursing knowledge has been evaluated and offers suggestions for its continued development that are drawn from the experience of patients.