Surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section is a common cause of morbidity, with socioeconomic consequences for the woman and her family. This article describes the risk factors for SSI following caesarean section, including antibiotic prophylaxis, type of dressing, approach to wound closure, obesity and general health. Wound management and the information that women need to undertake safe and effective self-care once they leave hospital are also discussed. Recent research highlighting the extent of the problem and strategies for tackling it is reviewed.