Undertaking a master’s degree has become an integral part of nurses’ continuing professional development. However, there can be uncertainty among nurses about the requirements and expectations of this level of education, and about the benefits for patients and nurses. This article describes the main characteristics of master’s degree programmes and the expectations of master’s students. It also explores the literature on the benefits of a master’s degree in relation to patient outcomes, nurses’ clinical competence and professional autonomy and nurses’ career development. The author considers the concepts of, and relationship between, critical thinking and critical reflection and how nurses’ ability to apply these concepts in practice can be enhanced through undertaking master’s level education.