Background Case study research (CSR) has gained popularity across disciplines due to its ability to provide detailed insights into specific phenomena.

Aim To explore the philosophy and methodology of CSR, drawing from notable authors who have contributed to its development.

Discussion This article discusses the characteristics of CSR in terms of design and method in both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It examines CSR’s advantages and disadvantages as a research method. It draws on two example case studies to emphasise the use of CSR for exploring complex healthcare and social care settings.

Conclusion CSR has proven valuable in nursing research for investigating complex clinical problems, patient-care scenarios, and organisational dynamics and phenomena.

Implications for practice CSR provides a methodological framework for nursing research that offers a unique lens for exploring multifaceted, complex issues. This ultimately improves patient care outcomes.