Success in first aid is based on the ability to make the most of the resources available and on maintaining the casualty in the best possible condition until specialist help arrives. This article, the second in a series of eight, discusses how to assess and stabilise the casualty’s condition and how to manage the emergency situation. Using case examples, it provides a methodical approach to risk assessment for casualties, bystanders and rescuers, as well as ascertaining and providing clear and accurate information for the relevant emergency services.