Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, despite being one of the most common causes of hospital admission, COPD has been a neglected respiratory condition. Nurses working in all care settings can make an important contribution to the care of patients with COPD. This article discusses assessment, diagnosis and management of COPD. Reference is made to recent policy developments, emphasising the importance of transforming care, and improving quality of life and health outcomes for patients.